Healthcare-associated infections are a major but largely preventable source of harm. Staff must clean their hands at critical moments, including:
- Before any patient contact
- After possible exposure to blood or body fluids
- After touching the patient’s surroundings
Alcohol-based hand rub is preferred for its speed and broad antimicrobial activity; however, whenever dirt or organic material is visible, soap and water are required because rubbing alone cannot mechanically remove contamination. Effective practice also depends on access to sinks and dispensers, training on technique, and a culture that supports reminders between colleagues. Compliance should be audited regularly; if rates fall, targeted feedback and brief refresher sessions should be implemented. In high-risk procedures—such as venous line insertion or dressing changes—hand hygiene must precede donning gloves; gloves do not substitute for clean hands. Visitors should be encouraged to use hand rub on entry and exit from the ward to reduce environmental transmission.